The utilization of the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) has emerged as a highly effective approach for designing lattice structures due to its smooth surfaces, intricately connected lattice ...

We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors ...

"In the digital age, the rising global demand for data centers highlights the critical need for more efficient cooling systems. While air cooling remains the dominant method, its high energy ...